Heat Injury in the K9
Operational K9s (OPK9) are susceptible to heat injury. Heat injury occurs when an OPK9’s internal or core temperature exceeds the body’s ability to dissipate that heat. If this occurs, organs such as the brain, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys are susceptible to severe damage.
There are two main scenarios that cause these K9s to overheat: confinement and/or overexertion.
Confinement heat related injury occurs when the K9 is in a closed in space (kennel or car) without proper cooling or ventilation. The majority of these situations occur with car cooling/alarm systems malfunction.
Exertional heat related injury often occurs when dogs are not properly conditioned or acclimated to the outdoor environment on training or tracking situations.
It is of the utmost importance that K9 handlers recognize early signs of heat injury to prevent life threatening events.
Mild to Moderate Heat Related Signs
- Uncontrollable panting
- Shade seeking
- Atypical disregard to commands
- Flat, extended tongue
- Retracted lips
TREATMENT: RESTING, WATER, SHADE AND VENTILATION NOW!
Severe Heat Related Signs
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Collapse
- Seizures
- Dull to minimally responsive
TREATMENT: IMMEDIATE AGGRESSIVE ACTION MUST BE TAKEN! IMMERSION IN COOL WATER OR APPLY COOL WATER ASAP PRIOR TO TRANSPORT!
Immediate, Aggressive Cooling Measures
- Rectal temperatures are not helpful here. Many acclimated K9s work with temperatures in the 104-107f.
- Handlers must recognize the clinical signs noted above early and take measures as soon as possible to cool
- Take off all collars, vests, equipment
- Immersion in a tub of water, pond, lake without submersing the head
- Find a hose and cool down the K9 ASAP
- Stop cooling when/if the K9 appears to be in less distress
- Transport in a cool vehicle with air blowing over the K9
Please pay attention to weather conditions every day and prepare if heat and humidity are elevated. Listen to your K9. They will tell you when they are starting to get to warm. Recognizing the signs early and listening will save their lives!
Lisa Converse DVM
Diplomate American College of Veterinary and Emergency and Critical Care